生物质絮凝剂在水处理中的应用研究进展

在水处理中,絮凝剂必不可少且种类繁多,现以无机及有机高分子絮凝剂使用最为广泛。但随着大众对于环境及水健康的关注度增大,其二者的毒性及难降解性使得大家将目光转向可实现无污染排放的绿色化絮凝剂-生物质絮凝剂。笔者在此就综述应用价值较高的几类生物质絮凝剂的研究进展,以期为理论研究和工程实践提供指导。     

CM-3絮凝剂的室内研制及在含油污水处理中的应用

介绍复合高分子絮凝剂CM─3的研制。CM─3是以无机高分子聚合铝（PAC）、有机高分子改性聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）为主，添加少量的硫酸根离子及破乳剂复配而成的。经室内实验研究确定了适合的PAM分子量、改性PAM的胺甲基化度、PAM与PAC的比例以及其他组分的添加量，并与PAC比较进行了室内及现场应用试验，结果表明CM─3投药量为20～30mg／L时，炼油厂含油污水处理后的水质符合GB8978─88的标准。     

无机聚合硅铝混凝剂的合成及其在含油污水净化中的应用

本文以价廉、来源广的水玻璃及硫酸和硫酸铝（简称AS）为原料，制备无机聚合硅铝混凝剂（简称PSA)。对影响PSA产品稳定性的因素进行了讨论；考察了PSA在含油污水混凝脱油净化中的应用性能；并与聚氯化铝（简称PAC）及AS的性能进行了对比。结果表明，PSA是一种高效的含油污水脱油净化用混凝剂，可以使含油污水的处理费用大幅度下降。     

微生物絮凝剂

介绍了微生物絮凝剂ＮＯＣ－１的性质，絮凝性能，应用和生产方法。该絮凝剂是一种安全无毒，无二次污染的新一代絮凝剂，具有良好的絮凝作用和脱色性能，能抑制污泥膨胀，其研究开发具有广阔的前景。     

有机高分子絮凝剂AUF的研制及其除油效果测定

以尿素、甲醛为原料合成脲醛树脂，加入环氧氯丙烷对树脂进行改性，再加入三乙铵进行季胺化，得到改性脲醛树脂季铵盐絮凝剂AUF。在WEMCO浮选机上考察AUF的除油性能及最佳合成条件。结果表明：AUF投药量为10mg／L时，出水中油浓度达到国家排放标准；当甲醛、尿素、环氧氯丙烷三者的摩尔比为2：1：0.5，季铵化温度为80～110C，反应时间为4～5h时，得到的絮凝剂AUF除油效果最好。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

介绍了微生物絮凝剂的研究及应用进展,包括产生絮凝剂的微生物种类,微生物絮凝剂的性质,微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,影响因素,以及微生物絮凝剂的应用。     

Converting waste polystyrene into a polymer flocculant for wastewater treatment

We have succeeded in converting waste polystyrene from electrical appliances into a polymer flocculant for treating some kinds of wastewater after chemical modification. Waste polystyrene, such as polystyrene foam and additive-containing TV cabinets, was converted into a water-soluble polymer, polystyrene sulfate (PSS), and PSS of various degrees of aqueous viscosity was obtained by introducing sulfone bridges during sulfonation. We examined the relationship between the degree of flocculation of wastewater and the aqueous viscosity of the PSS, and found that PSS with medium viscosity is most suitable for flocculating inorganic wastewater from a factory, and PSS with high viscosity is most suitable for dewatering organic domestic wastewater. We report how PSS containing sulfone bridges works as a polymer flocculant for treating wastewater. Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000     

稠油废水COD处理工艺研究

通过对多种絮凝剂的试验研究,筛选出UP-11混凝剂,在其投加量为2.4 mL/L时,油与COD去除效果最佳。同时在此基础上采用膜SBR法对絮凝出水做进一步处理,当运行条件为:进水0.5h、曝气4h、沉淀1h、排水0.5h时,出水完全达到国家规定的污水排放标准。     

Preparation and characterization of organic polymer modified composite polyaluminum chloride

Compared with traditional aluminum salts, polyaluminum chloride （PACI） has better coagulation-flocculation performance in turbidity removal. However, it is still inferior to organic polymers in terms of bridging function. In order to improve the aggregating property of PACl, different composite PACl flocculants were prepared with various organic polymers. The effect of organic polymer on the distribution or Al（Ⅲ） species in composite flocculants was studied using ^27TAl NMR and Al-ferron complexation methods. The charge neutralization and surface adsorption characteristics of composite flocculants were also investigated. Jar tests were conducted to evaluate the turbidity removal efficacy of organic polymer modified composite flocculants. The study shows that cationic polymer and anionic polymer have significant influences on the coagulation-flocculation behaviors of PACl. Both cationic and anionic polymers can improve the turbidity removal performancc of PACl but the mechanisms arc much different： cationic organic polymer mainly increases the charge neutralization ability, but anionic polymer mainly enhances the bridging function.     

几种常用无机混凝剂处理印染废水试验及评述

通过常用无机混凝剂ＰＦＳ、ＰＡＣ、ＦｅＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ及Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３．１８Ｈ２Ｏ处理印染废水试验，确定各自的最佳混凝处理条件。在最佳条件下，４种混凝剂对印染废水都有一定的处理效果。经成本等指标比较后，推荐ＰＦＳ为印染废水处理的适宜混凝剂。